ECTS - From Systems to Human Body

Atılım University - ECTS INFORMATION GUIDE

From Systems to Human Body (MED292) Course Detail

Course Name Course Code Season Lecture Hours Application Hours Lab Hours Credit ECTS
From Systems to Human Body MED292 4. Semester 0 0 0 32 45
Pre-requisite Course(s)
MED192
Course Language English
Course Type Compulsory Departmental Courses
Course Level Bachelor’s Degree (First Cycle)
Mode of Delivery Distance, Face To Face
Learning and Teaching Strategies Lecture, Discussion, Experiment, Drill and Practice, Observation Case Study, Problem Solving, Team/Group, Role Play.
Course Coordinator
Course Lecturer(s)
Course Assistants
Course Objectives To overview the definition and elements of the immune system, the development, structure and functions of the immune system elements, disorders related to this system, and immunotherapeutic. Also, to gain basic medical skills for evaluation of immune system. To give information about human flora, fever mechanism, basic principles of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance mechanisms. To understand the structural and biochemical properties of the nervous system and to interpret the functions of the nervous system with the perspective of basic principles of physics; interpret the cells and structures of the nervous system at the microscopic level; to evaluate the physiology of the nervous system and related systems; to be able to distinguish the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases, to evaluate the effects and use of neurological system targeted drugs with a pharmacology perspective. To understand the structure, components and functions of blood tissue, which has functions such as the transport of various substances between tissues, control of bleeding and coagulation; to learn the normal structure, function and hemodynamic properties of the circulatory system, the heart and the vascular system involved in pumping blood to tissues; to gain basic medical skills for the circulatory system. To gain knowledge about the function, structure, development and physiopathology of Respiratory System
Course Learning Outcomes The students who succeeded in this course;
  • Explains the medical importance of Immune Systems.
  • Lists the elements of immune system.
  • Describe the essential characteristics of humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
  • Explain the embryological development and histological features of tonsilla palatin.
  • Describes the embryological development and histological features of the lymph node.
  • Explain embryological development and histological features of the thymus and spleen.
  • Explains the histological features and functions of the cells of the immune system.
  • Explains anatomy and functions of lymphoid tissues.
  • Explains the leukocyte circulation and migration.
  • Describes the innate immunity; components and functions.
  • Defines the complement system.
  • Describes the acute and chronic inflammation and mechanisms involved.
  • Defines antigens and antibodies.
  • Describe the theory of clonal selection.
  • Explains the recognition of microorganisms by the immune system.
  • Explains the stimulation of adaptive immunity.
  • Describe the cells involved in the adaptive immune response-T cells, B cells and antigen presenting cells.
  • Lökositlerin neoplastik olmayan bozukluklarının patogenezini açıklar.
  • Describe non-neoplastic & neoplastic diseases of lymphnodes, the spleen & thymus.
  • Explains B cell activation and antibody production.
  • Describes the antibody structure and functions.
  • Explains the antigen presentations of T lymphocyte.
  • Describes the role of MHC in the immune response.
  • Defines Immune receptors and signal transduction.
  • Explains the activation of T lymphocytes.
  • Explains the Immunologic tolerance and autoimmunity.
  • Describes the role of immunogenetics, infections, tissue injury, and other environmental factors in autoimmunity.
  • Explains the immune response against microorganisms.
  • Describe in overall terms what the host defence is, why we need is, what it does and how it does it.
  • Explains the mechanisms of hypersensitivity disorders and give two examples for each.
  • Discuss the immunologic basis of graft rejection.
  • Describes the primary and secondary immunodeficiencies.
  • Lists the immunomodulatory agents and primary indications for them.
  • Discuss the potential therapetic roles of cytokines or antibodies for treatment of infectious diseases.
  • Describe a range of tests used in evaluation of immune system and immune response.
  • Defines the autucanoids and give examples.
  • Describe the basic principles of antimicrobial use.
  • Explains the mechanisms of development of antimicrobial resistance.
  • Explains the mechanisms in development of cancer.
  • Describes the anatomy of structures related to central nervous system and recognizes them on models.
  • Explains the anatomy of structures related to sensory organs and recognizes them on models.
  • Describes the functional anatomy of the anatomical structures included to central nervous system.
  • Describes the functional anatomy of the anatomical structures included to sensory organs.
  • Explains the afferent and efferent pathways and clinical conditions related with their injuries.
  • Defines the clinical anatomy of cranial nerves.
  • Describes the visual pathways, auditory pathways and vestibular system.
  • Explains the central structures related to the nervous system and the functions of these structures, interprets the functional losses.
  • Defines the sensory receptors and explains their properties.
  • Defines somatic senses, knows the differences, explains the ways of conduction to the central nervous system.
  • Explains how motor and sensory functions of the nervous system are performed at the level of the medulla spinalis, brain stem and cortex.
  • Explains the interaction between the structures that take part in the formation of voluntary movement and the interaction.
  • Explains the centers and cycles that manage vegetative functions.
  • Explains function of the limbic system.
  • Describes the high functions of the nervous system such as conditional reflex, learning and memory by physiological mechanisms.
  • Explains the centers and processes that manage cognitive and cognitive functions.
  • Explains the formation, related structures and functions of special senses (sight, hearing, balance, smell, taste), superficial senses and deep senses.
  • Explains the physiological mechanisms of vision and hearing.
  • Explains the structures, CSF construction, components and functions that protect the Central Nervous System.
  • Explains the structure and functions of the autonomic nervous system.
  • Interpret the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Explains the high functions of the brain and the neuronal basis of the resulting defects.
  • Defines electroencephalography method, calculates frequency and amplitude.
  • Measures EEG, interprets the results.
  • Defines the reflex arc of the deep tendon reflexes, performs a reflex examination and interprets the results.
  • Performs a hearing test, revealing the difference between conductive and sensory-neural hearing loss.
  • Defines and measures the field of vision.
  • Defines and measures visual acuity.
  • Defines and measures the light and accommodation reflex.
  • Explains the physiology and interactions between central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and related sensory organs. Students will be able to perform EEG, stretch reflexes, hearing, vision and reflex tests in order to gain the ability to make attempts for patients.
  • Explains the biochemistry of hormonal systems stimulated by brain regions.
  • Recognizes the symptoms and pathological findings of neurological diseases.
  • Explains the analgesic and antipyretic drugs acting on nervous system, related agonists and antagonists, sedative and hypnotic drugs and neuroleptics in detail.
  • Evaluates multiple sclerosis, stroke and Alzheimer’s diseases with a neurological approach.
  • Describes the fine structure of central nervous system organs and structural components of it and the fine structure of eye and ear. Describes the embryological development of these organs.
  • Describes the microorganisms in details which effect the central nervous system and knows their pathological findings.
  • Differentiates meningitis from encephalitis.
  • Describes the pathophysiology of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis SSPE and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
  • Defines prion disease.
  • Explains the features of neuronal injury.
  • Describes the pathogenesis of the cerebrovascular diseases.
  • Explains morphologic changes & their consequences in CNS trauma.
  • Describes congenital malformations of different types; neural tube defects, forebrain malformations, posterior fossa abnormalities.
  • Explains perinatal brain injury.
  • Describes diseases of myelin.
  • Explains neurodegenerative diseases generally.
  • Describes pathogenesis & morphologic changes in Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Describes pathogenesis & morphologic changes in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.
  • Explains pathogenesis & morphologic changes in Parkinson Disease.
  • Describes pathogenesis & morphologic changes Huntington Disease.
  • Explains pathogenesis & morphologic changes in Spinocerebellar Ataxias.
  • Describes pathogenesis & morphologic changes Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
  • Describes & discuss CNS benign & malignant neoplasms.
  • Defines body fluid parts.
  • Explains the contents, proportions and differences of intracellular and extracellular sections.
  • Defines the components, physical and functional properties of blood.
  • Explains the structure and production of blood cells.
  • The organs that play a role in the making of blood define them from the prenatal period, respectively.
  • Describes the structure, content, functions and agents that mediate these functions, explains the functions of substances in plasma content.
  • Explains the structure of hemoproteins, defines the differences of myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb).
  • Describes the structure, types, properties, synthesis, destruction of the hemoglobin molecule and products formed as a result of destruction.
  • Describes the reactions entered by hemoglobin.
  • Explains the differences arising from the structure of hemoglobin and the clinical tables that may occur.
  • Explains hemolysis event and its causes, explains the steps of catabolism.
  • Explains the transportation, storage and metabolism of iron.
  • Explains the morphological features and functions of erythrocytes.
  • Defines the maturation steps of erythrocytes.
  • Defines the definition and normal values of the parameters belonging to erythrocytes.
  • Defines anemia and polycythemia, gives information about its causes and effects on circulation.
  • Explains how erythrocyte surface antigens constitute A B O blood typing and Rh factor, explains the differences between Rh system and ABO system.
  • Tells the structural features and related functions of platelets.
  • Describes hemostasis, explains its importance.
  • Explains hemostasis and coagulation mechanisms, defines extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, specifies the difference of plasma and serum in the coagulation pathway, mainly plasma proteins and their functions.
  • Refers to the temporary changes that platelets show in creating a temporary hemostatic plug, respectively.
  • Explains the fibrinolytic system and its regulation by Protein C.
  • Measures erythrocyte-reticulocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, sedimentation and osmotic fragility.
  • Relates erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration.
  • Evaluates peripheral blood smear, leukocyte count, leukocyte formula.
  • Detects blood groups, measures bleeding-clotting time, applies and evaluates prothrombin time test.
  • Interprets the structure, electrical activity, electrophysiological features of the heart muscle and the relationship of these features with the heart's pump function.
  • Explains the contraction mechanisms of the heart muscle.
  • Explains the heart's excitation systems.
  • Explains the regulation of the heart study.
  • Describes heart sounds and foci.
  • Shows the cardiac cycle on the diagram, compares mechanical and electrical properties.
  • Defines the principles of electrocardiography recording, explains the normal electrocardiogram (ECG) components, explains the electrophysiological basis underlying the formation of the normal ECG pattern, recognizes the normal ECG wave, segment and intervals.
  • Draws ECG and calculates heart rate on ECG, evaluates heart rhythm and makes vector analysis.
  • Describes the functional properties of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins and lymphatic systems.
  • Explains the organization of the circulatory system, systemic and pulmonary circulation.
  • Interprets the flow-pressure-resistance relationship in the circulatory system, explains the cooperation of the heart and vascular system, the pressure-flow relationship in the vascular system, and the control mechanisms of microcirculation in ensuring proper tissue perfusion.
  • Explains the neurogenic and hormonal mechanisms that function in the regulation of blood pressure.
  • Describes fetal circulation.
  • Explains the effect of exercise on the circulatory system.
  • Explains the physiological basis of blood pressure measurement, measures blood pressure.
  • Describes anatomical structures of heart and pericardium.
  • Names the branches of coronary arteries and explains clinical importance.
  • Describes the conducting system of heart.
  • Explains the cardiovascular system cross-sectional anatomy.
  • Lists the great vessels leaving & entering the heart.
  • Distinguishes histological features of blood cells.
  • Explains the embryological development of the heart and vessels.
  • Describes the histological features of the heart.
  • Identifies and compares histological features of different vessel types.
  • Explains the congenital malformations in the development of the cardiovascular system.
  • Describes the common causes of systemic infections.
  • Defines Gram positive cocci, explains the how microbiological features contribute to the pathogenesis of the organism.
  • Defines the sepsis, explains the physiopathology and mechanisms of sepsis.
  • Defines the biofilm and explains the development of biofilm, and how bacteria in a biofilm are often more resistant to host immune responses.
  • Describes the vector borne, rhodent and arthropod borne systemic infectious agents.
  • Describes the blood-borne parasitic diseases and explains the types and general features of plasmodium infections.
  • Explain specific etiologics, underlying risk factors and development of endocarditis.
  • Defines anemia, polycythemia.
  • Lists the nonneoplastic disorders of white cells and explains the differences between them.
  • Explains the pathophysiology of the hypertensive heart and vascular diseases.
  • Defines the vasculitis and its consequences.
  • Lists cardiac and vascular neoplasms.
  • Explains the pathophysiology of vessel hyperactivity and effects on aging heart.
  • Explains the biochemistry of atherosclerosis, free radical metabolism and related diseases.
  • Defines the diagnostic tests in heart diseases.
  • Defines sepsis and explains the mechanism of sepsis-1.
  • Describes the autonomic nervous system.
  • Explain the neurotransmission in autonomic nervous system.
  • Lists the drugs used in autonomic nervous system.
  • Explains the mechanism of action, therapeutic applications, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and adverse effects of the drugs used in autonomic nervous system.
  • Lists the drugs used in heart failure.
  • Explains the mechanism of action, therapeutic applications, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and adverse effects of the drugs used in heart failure.
  • Describes the drugs used in hypertension.
  • Explains the mechanism of action, therapeutic applications, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and adverse effects of the drugs used in hypertension.
  • Describes the drugs used in anemias and coagulation disorders.
  • Explains the mechanism of action, therapeutic applications, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and adverse effects of the drugs used in anemias and coagulation disorders.
  • Describes anatomical structures of upper and lower respiratory tract. Explains its clinical importance.
  • Describes the anterior and lateral aspects of the neck, knows the relations of anatomical structure in these regions, describes the triangles of the neck and explains the clinical importance of fasciae in the neck region.
  • Describes the clinical anatomy of respiratory system.
  • Explains the development and embryonic origins of upper and lower respiratory system.
  • Describes the histological structure of upper and lower respiratory system.
  • Describes the congenital malformations in the development of the respiratory system.
  • Defines the structures in the respiratory system, respectively, explains their functions, and their physiological properties.
  • Explains the blood-air barrier, the properties of Type II alveolar cells.
  • Explains the inspiratory and expiratory mechanisms.
  • Explains the factors regulating ventilation mechanics (elastic properties of the lung, negative pressure inside the thorax).
  • Interprets the changes in flow, resistance relations and partial gas pressures during the passage of air through the upper airways during breath exchange.
  • Describes the dynamics of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and blood, blood and the cell, describes the transport of these gases and the biochemical reactions in this process.
  • Defines the circulation and blood flow dynamics, interprets the relationship with gas exchange in the lung.
  • Describes the O2 binding mechanism to myoglobin and Hemoglobin and defines allosteric interactions.
  • Explains the regulation of breathing, the role of breathing in acid-base balance and the effect of exercise on breathing.
  • Defines the centers in the brain stem that regulate respiratory activity, their functions, the structure and functions of peripheral and central chemoreceptors that carry data to these centers.
  • Understands and interprets the changes of respiratory system functions in exercise, height and underwater.
  • Applies pulmonary function tests, evaluates the results.
  • Explains the epidemiology of respiratory diseases.
  • Identify factors that predispose a patient to respiratory system disorders.
  • Defines rhinitis, tonsillopharyngitis, influenza, bronchitis, bronchiolitis pneumonia.
  • Lists the bacteria, viruses and fungi commonly affecting the respiratory system and identify the characteristics of each etiologic agents.
  • Describe the major virulence factors and mechanisms of pathogenesis of each microorganism involved in respiratory diseases.
  • Performs the nasopharyngeal swap technique.
  • Performs ARB staining.
  • Describe pathogenesis, morphologic characteristics of upper airway diseases.
  • Recall pathogenesis, morphologic characteristics of lower airway diseases.
  • Describe pathogenesis, morphologic characteristics of respiratory tract congenital abnormalities.
  • Explain pathogenesis, morphologic characteristics of respiratory system neoplasms.
  • Recall pathogenesis, morphologic characteristics of obstructive & restrictive respiratory system diseases.
  • Describe pathogenesis, morphologic characteristics of pleural diseases.
  • Describes etiopatogenesis, symptoms, clinical and laboratory findings of respiratory system disorders.
  • Explains the community acquired pneumonia, etiological agents and risk factors.
  • Classifies the chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, pulmonary edema, lung tumours and related diseases and interprets the symptoms and findings.
  • Describes diagnostic imaging modalities for investigation of the respiratory system and explains the indications.
  • Lists the treatment options for diseases of the respiratory system.
  • Describes the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of bronchodilator, antitussive and expectorant drugs used for respiratory system.
  • Explains the air pollution and relation of it to respiratory disorders.
  • Explains the vaccines used to prevent of the respiratory tract infections.
Course Content Introduction to anatomy, development of the cells and organs of immune system, general features and functions of immune cells, innate and acquired immune response, immune response against microorganisms, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, immune modulation, autocoids, antibiotic use, and resistance mechanisms, cancer etiology and basic mechanisms of cancer development.

Weekly Subjects and Releated Preparation Studies

Week Subjects Preparation
1 Welcome to Phase II Phase II- General Information Welcome to Immune System Committee Development of Immune system cells and immune cells histology Overview of immune system Nomenclature, General Properties and Components Genesis of leukocytes Functions of Leukocytes Innate immunity; Components Tissues and Organs of the immune system; Development of Palatine Tonsil and Lymph Nodes Histology of Palatine Tonsil and Lymph Nodes Development of Spleen and Thymus Anatomy of Lymphatic System -
2 Cellular receptors for microorganisms and damaged cells Cytokines of Innate Immunity Morphologic patterns of inflammation CBL: Pathology of the lymph nodes Inflammation Phagocytosis and Destruction of Microbes Lab: Histology of Tonsilla palatina and Lymph Node & Histology of the Spleen and Thymus ( Pathology of the thymus Pathology of the spleen Histamine, Serotonin, Drugs Used in Obesity, & the Ergot Alkaloids Vasoactive Peptides Complement system Fever types Fever measure Prostaglandins & Other Eicosanoids Nitric Oxide, Donors, & Inhibitors ( Antigen Presentation and Recognition in the adaptive immune system Structure and functions of MHC molecules T lymphocytes; Activation and functions Humoral immune responses Immunoglobulins and functions Specialized Immunity at Epithelial Barriers and in Immune Privileged Tissues Regulation of the immune response -
3 Molecular basis of cancer Acute-phase Response Immunologic tolerance Autoimmunity; Mechanisms Autoimmune disease Case Discussion: Autoimmune Disease Hypersensitivity reactions Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis Drugs Used in Rheumatoid Arthritis & Gout Immunopharmacology Immunity to bacteria -
4 Immunity to parasites Rejection of tissue transplants Immune response against transplants Organ Transplantation in Turkey and the World Congenital immunodeficiency Immunity to viruses Immunity to fungi Evaluation of immun response TBL: Acquired immunodeficiencies Carcinogenic agent Oncogenic viruses Lab: Pathology of Lymph Nodes and Inflammation Medical Skills Lab: Fever Measurement -
5 Antibiotics and their effect mechanism Antibiotic resistance mechanisms Clinical Skill: Physical examination of lymph nodes Antibiotic susceptibility tests Lab: Antibiotic susceptibility tests Lab: Thymus and spleen Lab: Flow cytometry -
6 Discussion: What the host defence is, why we need is, what it does and how it does it? Exam preparation and General exam -
7 Introduction to Fundamentals of Neuroscience Committee Individual cranial bones Neurocranium Individual cranial bones Viscerocranium The whole of the skull Introduction to Sampling - Sampling Methods Lab: Individual cranial bones Neurocranium and viscerocranium Introduction to Central Nervous System Anatomy Development of Nervous System and malformations -
8 Spinal cord: General topography and internal structure Central Nervous System Histology Introduction to the central nervous system, general organization The central nervous system: Afferent pathways The central nervous system: Efferent pathways Biophysics of sensory receptor potentials Introduction to CNS Pharmacology Motor functions of the spinal cord Cellular Responses of the central nervous system to Injury Introduction of Microorganisms to CNS Lab: The whole of the skull Lab: Central nervous system -
9 Medulla oblongata Pons Mesencephalon Cerebellum Congenital Malformations of CNS Lab: Spinal cord, Brain stem and cerebellum Cranial nerves (1-6) Cranial nerves (7-12) Lab: Cranial nerves Thalamus Hypothalamus -
10 Epithalamus, subthalamus and basal ganglia Thalamus and reticular formation Flipped-class-Cerebral hemispheres: General topography Motor functions of cerebellum and basal ganglia Hypothalamus and limbic system Lab: Diencephalon, the basal ganglia Lab: Basal ganglia Learning and memory Motor cortex Cerebral hemispheres: Motor and sensory areas Cerebral hemispheres: Medullary substance Lab: Diencephalon, the basal ganglia Lab: Basal ganglia Learning and memory Hypothalamus- pituitary relationship Motor cortex Cerebral hemispheres: Motor and sensory areas Olfactory pathways, rhinencephalon and limbic system Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs Alcohols -
11 Lab: Cerebral hemispheres Lab: Tension reflexes PBL: Sudden vision loss General Anesthetics Hemispheric lateralization EEG, sleep and epileps Antiseizure Drugs Blood-Brain barrier and CSF circulation Brain blood flow regulation-brain metabolism The meninges and sinuses of the brain Brain ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid Vessels of the central nervous system Lab: Vessels of the central nervous system,The meninges and sinuses of the brain Lab: EEG practise General aspects of CNS infection Biochemistry of Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrovascular diseases -
12 The sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system CNS Edema, Herniation, Hydrocephalus Streptoccocus pneumonia Neisseria meningitis Listeria monocytogenes Haemophilus influenza Autonomic nervous system functions Neurosyphilis Herpes viridea Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Drugs Used in Parkinsonism and other movement disorders Picornaviruses Symptoms and clinical findings of CNS infection Antipsychotic Agents & Lithium Antidepressants Tuberculosis meningitis CBL: CNS Bacterial Infections -
13 CBL: Viral meningitis/encephalitis Optics of vision Parasitic meningitis/encephalitis Prions Rabies and other rhabdoviruses Slow Virus Diseases of CNS Infections of Central Nervous System Pathology of Prion Diseases Fungal meningitis/encephalitis Lab: The orbit and its contents and the eyeball Lab: Visual field, visual acuity and color vision, accommodation and pupil reflex -
14 Degenerative CNS diseases Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists Drugs of Abuse The Ear Development of Ear Ear histology Vestibular and Hearing Meningococcal vaccines Vestibular system Hearing physiology Vestibular system and auditory pathways Genetic metabolic CNS disease Demyelinating CNS Diseases Lab: The ear Lab: Eye and Ear Histology Lab: Hearing tests Clinical Skill: Lumbar Puncture -
15 Clinical Approaches to Head, Brain and spinal cord Trauma Development of voice and perception PBL: Sudden vision loss CNS neoplasia Chemical senses, Smell and taste Intracranial Hemorrhage Lab: Pathology of CNS Discussion-The central nervous system: Afferent pathways -
16 Sectional and clinical anatomy Exam preparation and General exam -
17 Introduction to MED202 Histology of blood cells Body fluids Functions of blood, components of blood, physical and chemical properties Staphylococcus and related Gram positive cocci Hemapoies and regulation Hemoglobin production and functions Erythrocyte functions, blood groups, transfusion Lab: Determination of hemoglobin, haematocrit Lab: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate / Erythrocyte osmotic fragility test Red blood cells, anemia, polycythemia Agents Used in Anaemias Platelet functions and endothelium-platelet relationship Hemostatic mechanisms Leukocyte functions Nonneoplastic Disorders of White Cells Neoplastic Proliferations of White Cells Lab: Erythrocyte / Leukocyte / Platelet count -
18 Neoplastic Proliferations of White Cells Lab: Bleeding, clotting, prothrombin time Lab: Preparation of peripheral blood smear, staining Drugs Used in Coagulation Disorders Neoplastic Proliferations of White Cells Lab: Evaluation of peripheral blood smear Clinical Approch to anemia Hematopoietic Growth Factors Neoplastic Proliferations of White Cells The thoracic wall Lab: Tests showing the antigen-antibody relationship and blood group determination Streptococci Lab: The thoracic wall Development of heart and vessels -
19 Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology Autonomic Receptors Heart and vessel histology The heart and the pericardium Physiological properties of the heart muscle, cardiac electrophysiology and myocardial contraction Adrenoceptor Agonists and Sympathomimetic Drugs Clinical Approach to blood incompatibility The basic principles of electrical potentials recorded from the body surface Heart dipole and ECG Einthoven triangle Lab: The heart and the pericardium The mediastinum, the great vessels and the posterior mediastinum -
20 Adrenoceptor Antagonists Drugs Lab: The mediastinum, the great vessels, the posterior Lab: Heart Histology Cholinoceptor-activating and Cholinesterase Inhibiting Drugs The diaphragm The heart's special impulse- electrical conduction system Symptomatology in heart diseases-1; Chest pain-Dyspnoea-Palpitations Cholinoceptor-blocking Drugs Heart cycle, heart sounds Lab: Diaphragm Ganglion- activating and ganglion-blocking Drugs Electrocardiogram -
21 Definitions and mechanism of Sepsis Cardiac output Cardiac Glycosides Lab: Normal electrocardiogram Enterococci Cardiovascular system examination The concept of preload in the heart and its effect on the stroke volume Heart volume-pressure relationship, oxygen consumption Drugs used in Heart Failure Biochemistry of atherosclerosis Sectional and clinical anatomy -
22 Causes of sepsis Hypertensive & valvular heart diseases Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Pharmacology Cardiac tumors Overview of cardiac pathophysiology & effects of aging on heart Lab: Normal electrocardiogram Acute Coronary Syndromes Pathophysiology Diuretics Vasodilator Drugs and Treatment of Angina Pectoris General physical properties of biophysical materials, solids and fluids Fluid properties of blood -
23 Calcium Channel Blockers Bernoulli's Principle, Poiseuille's Law and its relation to the circulation dynamics Circulation Dynamics: Laplace's Law, transverse extensibility, surface tension Catheter infection and biofilm Electron microscopy of biofilms Local control mechanisms of blood flow regulation Arterial, capillary and venous circulation Chronic coronary artery disease Lab: White Blood Cell Neoplasms Circulatory system and exercise Agents Used in Cardiac Arrhythmias Rodent-borne viruses Regulation of arterial blood pressure Fetal circulation -
24 Blood parasites Diagnostic tests in heart diseases Biochemistry of atherosclerosis Arboviruses Vessel Hyperactivity Vascular neoplasms ECG and Rhythm Disorders Hypertensive vascular diseases Pathology of veins & lymphatics Lab: Blood pressure measurement Lab. Neoplasms of Heart and Vessels Vector borne disease -
25 Arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis Lab: Gram staining Free radical metabolism and related diseases Antihypertensive Agents Hypertension Etiopathogenesis Diagnosis of Hypertension and Blood Pressure Measurement Drugs Used in Peripheral Artery Disease Agents Used in Dyslipidaemias Discussion- Physiology Endocarditis Vasculitis -
26 Exam preparation and General exam -
27 Introduction to MED 204 Introduction to respiratory system anatomy: The nose and the associated structures Development of respiratory system The functions of the respiratory system Respiratory system malformations Development of pharyngeal arcus The pharynx Epidemiology of respiratory transmitted diseases Lab: The nose and the pharynx Mechanics of breathing, physical principles, volumes and capacities The larynx Upper respiratory system histology Pulmonary and alveolar ventilation Diffusion of gases through the respiratory membrane The lateral, anterior aspects of the neck and the root of the neck Disorders & neoplasms of the upper airways Disorders & neoplasms of the oropharynx Lab: The larynx- Anatomy -
28 Lab: The lateral, anterior aspects of the neck and the root of the neck Important causes of acute tonsillopharyngitis Corynebacterium diphtheriae - virulence factors and pathogenicity Lab: Static pulmonary function tests- Physiology Clinical skill practice- Throat swap technique Lower respiratory system histology O2, CO2 Transport by the blood; Hb-O2 binding and dissociation curve -
29 The trachea and the lungs Lab: Respiratory system histology Ventilation-perfusion properties of the lung Rhinovirus and Coronaviruses Beta Coronaviruses Influenza viruses History and symptoms of upper respiratory diseases. Upper respiratory tract diseases Congenital abnormalities of the lungs, collapse, pulmonary edema Obstructive & restrictive lung diseases- Pathogenesis and Pathology Sectional and clinical anatomy Lab: The trachea and the lungs Lab: Dynamic respiratory function tests Bordetella L egionellae, Mycoplasma sp. Chlamydia and Chlamydophila Regulation of Respiration -
30 Adenoviruses, Paramyxoviruslar-I (Parainfluenzae, RSV, hMPV,) Rubella virus, Paramyxoviruses; Measles, Mumps virus Lung diseases of vascular origin Respiratory system under stress, exercise Chronic diffuse interstitial diseases Chronic diffuse interstitial disease Pulmonary neoplasms History and Symptoms in Pulmonary Diseases Multiple linear regression Clinical skill practice- Nasopharyngeal sampling Mycobacterium tuberculosis Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria Tuberculosis pathology Lab: ARB Staining Other bacterial agents of the respiratory tract infection: Actinomycetes, Nocardia Fungal pneumonia agents; P.jiroveci, Aspergillus. Pulmonary infections PBL:COPD -
31 Lab: Sputum examination Bronchodilator drugs Physical examination of thorax and lung Case Study: Community acquired pneumonia Pleural disorders & neoplasms Lab: Pathology of Pleura Dispne and Cyanosis : Student discussion Statistical methods for diagnostic tests Imaging Tecniques of Respiratuary Tract Air pollution and public health Antitussive and expectoran drugs PBL:COPD Influenza vaccines Pneumococcal vaccines Student discussion: Influenza vaccines; Compulsory or not? Management of Work Related and Occupational Diseases Caused by Workplace Ambient Air Clinical skill lab -
32 Respiratory pathogens Q&A. Discussion Exam preparation and General exam -

Sources

Course Book 1. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (14th Edition); Bertram G. Katzung,‎ Anthony J. Trevor; McGraw-Hill, 2018.
2. Braddom's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (5th Edition); David X. Cifu MD; Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2016.
3. Gray’s Anatomy for Students (3rd Edition); Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell; Churchill Livingston Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2015.
4. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (13th Edition); John E. Hall; Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2016.
5. Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology (4th Edition); Abraham L. Kierszenbaum, Laura L. Tres; Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, 2015.
6. Medical Microbiology 8th Edition. Murray, Rosenthal, Pfaller, Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia,2016
7. Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 28e, 2019, McGraw-Hill Education
8. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 9th Edition, Bennett, JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ. Elsevier, 2019
9. Robbins Basic Pathology (10th Edition); Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster; Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, 2018.
10. Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System, 5e, Abbas, Lichmann, Pillai, Elsevier, 2016.
11. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 15th Edition byby Warren Levinson, Peter Chin-Hong, Elizabeth Joyce , Jesse Nussbaum, Brian Schwartz. 2018.
12. Molecular and Cellular Biophysics; Meyer B. Jackson; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006.
13. Rheumatology Textbook (5th Edition); Marc Hochberg, Alan J. Silman, Joseph Smolen, Michael Weinblatt, Michael Weisman; Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2011.
14. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (10th Edition); Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia; Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2015.
15. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations (7th Edition); Thomas M. Devlin; John Wiley & Sons, 2010
16. Cell and molecular biology (2th edition); Nalini Chandar, PhD, Susan Viselli, PhD, Lipincot Wiliams & Wilkins, 2019.
17. Molecular cell biology (8th edition); Harvey Lodish, W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd, 2016.
18. Molecular biology of the cell (6th edition); Bruce Alberts, W. W. Norton & Company,2015.
19. Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology (14th Edition); Patricia M. Tille; Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, 2018.
20. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (7th Edition), David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox W H Freeman & Co, 2017.
21. Integrative Medical Biochemistry: Examination and Board Review, 1st Edition Michael W. King Mc Graw Hill
22. Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System, 5e, Abbas, Lichmann, Pillai, Elsevier, 2016
23. Gray’s Anatomy. Editor: Susan Standring, 41st Edition, 2015, Elsevier
24. Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Authors: Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley. 7th Edition, 2013, Lippincott Williams Wilkins
25. Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy. English: Musculoskeletal system, internal organs, head, neck, neuroanatomy by Friedrich Paulsen (Author), Jens Waschke (Author), 15th Edition, 2013, Urban and Fischer, Elsevier
26. Atlas of Human Anatomy (Netter Basic Science). Author: Frank H. Netter. 7th Edition, 2019, Elsevier
27. Medical Physiology 3rd Edition by Boron MD PhD, Walter F, Boulpaep MD, Emile L. (2017)
28. Physiology 6th Edition by Costanzo PhD, Linda S. (2017)
29. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition (Principles of Neural Science (Kandel)) 5th Edition by Eric R. Kandel, James H. Schwartz, Thomas M. Jessell, Steven A. Siegelbaum, A. J. Hudspeth. (2013)
30. Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology (14th Edition); Patricia M. Tille; Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, 2018.
31. Emery's Elements of Medical Genetics (15th Edition); Peter D. Turnpenny, Sian Ellard; Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2017.
32. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry (31st Edition); Robert K. Murray, David A. Bender, Kathleen M. Botham, Peter J. Kennelly, Victor W. Rodwell, P. Anthony Weil McGrawHill-Lange, 2018
33. Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology (27th Edition);‎ Karen C. Carroll,‎ Stephen A. Morse, Timothy Mietzner, Steve Miller; McGraw-Hill, China, 2016.
34. Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry (7th Edition); Denise R. Ferrier; Lippincott Wilwims & Wilkins; Philadelphia, 2017.
35. Marks’ Basic Medical Biochemistry A Clinical Approach (5th Edition); Michael Lieberman, Alisa Peet; Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia, 2018.
36. Sherris Medical Microbiology (6th Edition); Kenneth Ryan, C. George Ray; McGraw-Hill, New York, 2014.
37. Teaching and Learning Communication Skills in Medicine (2nd Edition); Suzanne Kurtz,‎ Juliet Draper, Jonathan Silverman; Radcliffe Publishing, Abingdon, 2005.
38. Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine (8th Edition); Robert L. Nussbaum, Roderick R. McInnes, Huntington F. Willard; ; Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2016.
39. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (13th Edition); Bertram G. Katzung,‎ Anthony J. Trevor; McGraw-Hill, 2015.
40. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (14th Edition); Bertram G. Katzung,‎ Anthony J. Trevor; McGraw-Hill, 2018.
41. Oxford Textbook of Public Health (6th Edition); Roger Detels, Robert Beaglehole, Mary Ann Lansang, Martin Gulliford; Oxford Medical Publications, 2015.
42. Comparative Health Systems: A Global Perspective (2nd Edition); James A. Johnson, Carleen Stoskopf, Leiyu Shi; Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Burlington, 2018.
43. Epidemiology (5th Edition); Leon Gordis; Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, 2014.
44. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry (30th Edition); Victor W. Rodwell, David Bender, Kathleen M. Botham, Peter J. Kennelly, P. Anthony Weil; McGraw-Hill, 2015.
45. Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, Michael A. Grippi, Jack A. Elias, Jay A. Fishman, Robert M. Kotloff, Allan I. Pack, Robert M. Senior, Mark D. Siegel Fifth Edition,2015
46. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e. J. Larry Jameson, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, Joseph Loscalzo. McGraw-Hill Education.2018.

Evaluation System

Requirements Number Percentage of Grade
Attendance/Participation - -
Laboratory - -
Application - -
Field Work - -
Special Course Internship - -
Quizzes/Studio Critics - -
Homework Assignments - -
Presentation - -
Project - -
Report - -
Seminar - -
Midterms Exams/Midterms Jury 1 70
Final Exam/Final Jury 1 30
Toplam 2 100
Percentage of Semester Work 70
Percentage of Final Work 30
Total 100

Course Category

Core Courses X
Major Area Courses
Supportive Courses
Media and Managment Skills Courses
Transferable Skill Courses

The Relation Between Course Learning Competencies and Program Qualifications

# Program Qualifications / Competencies Level of Contribution
1 2 3 4 5
1 Integrates and utilizes the information, skills, and approaches obtained from basic, clinical, and medical sciences, behavioral sciences, and social sciences when offering healthcare services. X
2 Offers healthcare services to patients with a biopsychosocial approach where the sociodemographic and sociocultural backgrounds of these individuals are taken into consideration, focusing on the universal human values, ethical principles, and professional duties; without exercising discrimination on the basis of language, religion, race, or sex. X
3 Aims to protect, improve, and develop individual and public health when offering healthcare services. X
4 Performs the necessary studies in sustaining and improving health, taking into the individual, public, social, and environmental factors to affect it. X
5 Trains healthy individuals/ patients, their relatives, and other healthcare workers in healthcare upon determining the features, requirements, and expectations of their target audience. X
6 Exercises a safe, rational, and effective approach in the procedures of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and rehabilitation; while offering healthcare services. X
7 Implements interventional and/or non-interventional practices in a way that is safe and effective for patients during the procedures of diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and rehabilitation. X
8 Offers healthcare services taking into account the health and safety of patients and employees. X
9 Takes the regional and global changes in physical and socioeconomic settings to affect health, as well as the changes in the individual features and behaviors of patients referring to them into account, while offering healthcare. X
10 Takes the good medical practices into account while performing their duties. X
11 Undertakes the tasks and duties within the framework of their professional ethical rules, as well as their legal rights and duties. X
12 Stands for the improvements in the manner in which healthcare services are offered, taking into account the concepts of social reliability and social duty, in an effort to protect and improve individual and public health. X
13 Evaluates the effects of health policies and healthcare practices on public health indicators, and, where required, amends their evaluation on the grounds of scientific and social needs; in an effort to help improve the quality of healthcare services. X
14 Leads their healthcare team while offering healthcare services, in a participative, and collaborative manner. X
15 Establishes positive relationships within their healthcare team; and where needed, easily adapts to various positions among their team. X
16 Exercises effective communication with patients, the relatives of patients, healthcare professionals, and groups from other professions, as well as institutions and organizations. X
17 Plans and conducts scientific studies on the society to which they serve, and use the results of these, or those from other studies, to benefit the society. X
18 Accesses the current literature on their profession, and evaluates them with a critical approach. X
19 Chooses the correct sources of learning to improve the healthcare services that they offer, and regulates their own learning process. X
20 Demonstrates the skills of obtaining and evaluating new information, integrating newer pieces of information with their current ones, as well as adapting to changing conditions throughout their professional life. X

ECTS/Workload Table

Activities Number Duration (Hours) Total Workload
Course Hours (Including Exam Week: 16 x Total Hours) 32 14 448
Laboratory 32 3 96
Application
Special Course Internship 5 2 10
Field Work
Study Hours Out of Class 32 9 288
Presentation/Seminar Prepration 2 6 12
Project
Report
Homework Assignments
Quizzes/Studio Critics
Prepration of Midterm Exams/Midterm Jury
Prepration of Final Exams/Final Jury 32 9 288
Total Workload 1142